The Senate of the Democratic Republic of Congo has voted overwhelmingly to lift the parliamentary immunity of former President Joseph Kabila, opening the door to potential prosecution on serious charges including treason, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The decision, made on May 22, 2025, marks a dramatic escalation in the country’s efforts to address deep-rooted political and security crises.

Justice Minister Constant Mutamba announced the decision was based on compelling evidence linking Kabila to the M23 rebel group, which has been accused of committing massacres in the volatile eastern region of the country. The government has concurrently suspended Kabila’s political party and frozen the assets of its leadership.

Kabila, who governed from 2001 to 2019, has strongly denied all allegations. He has been residing in South Africa since late 2023. His return to Congo could further complicate peace efforts, particularly as the M23 rebellion maintains control over key mineral-rich territories.

This move comes as international stakeholders, including the United States under President Donald Trump, push for a regional peace deal that could secure mineral investment and stabilize the region.

Kabila’s tenure was marred by controversy, particularly his refusal to cede power after his term expired in 2016, sparking widespread unrest. He ultimately stepped down after the 2018 elections.

The Senate’s decision is seen as a critical step in holding powerful figures accountable and could signal a shift toward greater transparency and justice in the Democratic Republic of Congo.